Tooth Extraction and Socket Preservation

Periodontal Status in Population of Belarus

The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal status of Belarusian population in the different age groups.Epidemiological survey was undertaken among 2007 subjects at 9 age groups (15, 16, 17, 18, 20-24, 35- 44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74) in different regions of Belarus in 2002 – 2003 . Periodontal status was assessed using CPITN index.. All data were recorded in the special examination form. Statistical analysis was performed using the methods of variation statistics and ANOVA..
The present study indicates that there are high prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases among the population of Belarus. Periodontal status becomes worse with age.

Modulatory Effect of Ammonium Ions on Human Neutrophil Oxidative Burst in Response to Bacterial Stimuli

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes ) are the principal cells of the host defense system. Consequently, if periodontal pathogen – derived substances in the gingival crevice signifi- cantly inhibit their function, they could shift the bacterial – host balance in favour of the bacteria. The aim of investigation was to determine if the ammonium ions (periodontal pathogens produce substantial amounts ) affects the main neutrofils oxidative function – reactive oxygen species generation measured by luminol and lucigene– dependent chemiluminescence. Our results show that ammonium ions both in the group of non-periodontally diseased persons and in periodontitis patients have significant inhibitive effect on luminol- and lucigene-dependent chemiluminescence, which de- pends on NH4Cl concentration (5 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM), i.e. inhibitive effect increases with increasing concentration of NH4Cl . It shows that the presence of ammonia in the gingival crevice may increase the risk of development of periodontal disease.

Damage of Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Mandible Fracture Cases

he investigation was performed on 195 patients, who had fracture on mandibular angle zone. In control group pain thresholds of infraorbital nerve and inferior alveolar nerve did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Consequently, lesion degree of inferior alveolar nerve and its functional recovery dynamics was estimated objectively according to pain threshold and lesion index of neural function, namely, by dividing the pain threshold of inferior alveolar nerve by the one of infraorbital nerve. Stump dislocation extent has influence on neural lesion: the more expressed dislocation, the higher likelihood of severe lesion of inferior alveolar nerve. It was identified three degrees of neural lesion in the case of mandibular angle fracture. When minor lesion of inferior alveolar nerve takes place (17.4%), sensation recovers in 21 days after stump reposition and fixation; moderate lesion of nerve (55.8%) has sensory recovery after 28 days, and in the case of severe lesion of nerve (26.6%) neural function does not recover even after 90 days.

Mandibular Pubertal Growth Spurt Prediction. Part One: Method Based on the Hand-Wrist Radiographs

Many orthodontic treatment modalities will yield a better result in less time if properly correlated with the unique facial growth patterns of the patients. The pubertal growth spurt depends on gender and varies in relationship to the chronologic age. General skeletal maturity usually is used as an indicator to predict timing of mandibular growth velocity peak. Hand–wrist radiographic evaluation is one of the diagnostic tools currently available to determine whether the pubertal growth has started, is occurring or has finished. The overview of topic related literature and skeletal maturity assessment (SMA) system developed by L.Fishman are presented. The SMA system is based on eleven discrete adolescence skel- etal maturational indicators of hand-wrist bones, covering the entire period of adolescent development. Maturational stage and level demonstrated close correlation with maxillary and mandibular growth veloc- ity, amount of incremental growth and timing. Clinical indications for the use of hand-wrist radiographs to assess skeletal maturity are provided.

Oral Hygiene in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Oral hygiene is an important etiological factor related to oral health status in children. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral hygiene status in children with type I diabetes mellitus (DM) and in their non-diabetic controls, and to correlate it with the health condition of the gingival tissues. Materials and methods: seventy 10-15 year-old children (mean age13.6, SD=1.6) with type I DM and 70 their age and sex- matched non-diabetic controls were included in the study. The metabolic control of DM was categorized into well- to- moderately controlled and poorly-controlled diabetes groups based on glycosylated haemo- globin HbA1c. The oral hygiene and gingival status were assessed using the Simplified Oral hygiene index OHI-S (Greene-Vermillion) and gingival index GI (Löe-Silness), respectively. Student’s t, Mann- Whitney U or chi-square tests and linear regression were used in the statistical analyses.

Critical Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Clicking in Diagnosing Anterior Disc Displacement

Objectives. The objective of this study was to compare temporomandibular joint (TMJ) findings from clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing anterior disc displace- ment.
Material and methods. 114 subjects with at least one sign of temporomandibular disorders (tenderness/pain on palpation of the joints or muscles, TMJ sounds, pain or deviation during maximum mouth opening (active/passive)) and 193 controls underwent MRI after proper history taking and assessment of clinical symptoms.
Results. 464 joints with no disk displacement (NDD), 114 joints with reducible displaced disk (RDD), and 36 joints with permanently displaced disk (PDD) were confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Conclusion. The results suggest that anterior disc displacement of the TMJ can not be diagnosed with considerable accuracy through the use of clinical examination only.